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LTIM estimates from the UK’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) are based mainly on the International Passenger Survey (IPS). Learn more about us. Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. This is likely to lead to substantial changes in official migration data between now and 2023. 2.4 million immigrants entered the EU-27 from non-EU-27 countries in 2018. Migration flows: Immigration to the EU-27 from non-member countries was 2.4 million in 2018 A total of 3.9 million peopleimmigratedto one of theEU-27Member States during 2018, while 2.6 million emigrantswerereportedtohaveleftanEU-27MemberState. Eurostat International Migration statistics: Immigration This domain comprises series of long-term international immigration during the reference year. This briefing follows the ONS classification that distinguishes between 4 different groups of EU countries based on the year they joined the EU: Unlike the NINo data, the APS and LTIM are sample surveys, so their estimates come with margins of error. Added 'Statistics relating to Covid-19 and the immigration system, May 2020'. The majority (64%) of the increase in the latest year was driven by Skilled (Tier 2) work visas, which increased by 12% to 111,035. ONS analysis based on the Census suggests that non-response is a greater problem among people born outside of the UK (Weeks et al., 2013). Europe has been a crossroads of human mobility since ancient times. We use cookies to collect information about how you use GOV.UK. Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2013' and 'Tables for 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2013''. As of 30 June 2020, the number of non-Irish EU-citizen applicants to the EU Settlement Scheme was 3.5m, which is more than the 3.4m non-Irish EU citizens that ONS estimated to be resident in the UK in 2019 (Office for National Statistics, 2020). This is relevant because after Brexit, non-Irish EU citizens and their family members will need to register for settled status to continue living here legally, but Irish citizens will not be obliged to do so (see the Migration Observatory report, Unsettled Status – 2020: Which EU Citizens are at Risk of Failing to Secure their Rights after Brexit?). Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2019', 'Immigration statistics data tables, year ending June 2019', 'EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, June 2019', 'Fourth report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme' and 'Home Office EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics: user guide', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Home Office statistics on exit checks: user guide'. Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2014' and 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2014: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline', 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, August 2019'. Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2018' and 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2018: data tables'. Updated 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, September 2019' to second edition. Immigration played a central role in the Brexit movement – the recent rise in immigration was one of the defining arguments that united anti-globalists, eurosceptics and nationalists to vote the UK out of the EU. You’ve accepted all cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time. EU immigration fell considerably during this time, from 304,000 to 199,000 per year, while emigration of EU citizens increased steadily from 86,000 to 151,000. Added ‘Immigration statistics, July to September 2016’ and ‘Immigration statistics, July to September 2016: data tables’, updated ‘Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’. While the estimated EU-born population was slightly lower in 2018 and 2019 than in 2017, this pattern is not reflected in other ONS data, which suggest that EU net migration has been stable in 2018 and 2019, though still positive. Because the estimated emigration of EU citizens also increased, EU net migration fell more sharply – by 77% to 50,000 in 2019 (for more detailed data, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Net migration to the UK). The ONS currently thinks EU net migration to the UK (the difference between the number who come and the number who leave) was about 35,000 a year higher than previously thought between 2009 and 2016. In 2019, an estimated 49,000 more EU citizens came to the UK than left - down from the "peak levels" of more than 200,000 in 2015 and early 2016, the ONS says. Per Capita Crime Statistics: Immigration and Crime in the UK. This right will end in the UK at 11pm on 31 December 2020. The main reason for this is that many children born in the UK to EU citizen parents are themselves EU citizens. The number of EU-born migrants estimated to be living in the UK increased steadily from 2004 to 2017 before levelling off (Figure 1). This compares to 76% among the UK-born and 70% among the non-EU born. EU migration has declined between 2016 and 2018, following peak levels of over 200,000 in 2015 and early 2016. Net migration to the UK from the EU has fallen, from 219,000 in the year to March 2015, to 58,000 in the most recent year. Detailed local-authority level data on national insurance number allocations to EU citizens can be found in the Migration Observatory’s Local Data Guide. Added "EU Settlement Scheme statistics, May 2019". Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending September 2019', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide'. Added 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2014' and 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2014: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline', 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. Government’s immigration target still not met after rise in immigration from outside EU Throughout history, the region has been a central part of global migration systems which its States helped to establish and shape, mainly through mercantilist and colonial expansions. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562348714'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='571px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); In 2019, 7.7% (2.1 million) of all workers in the UK were born in an EU country (7.6% if we restrict it to those under 65), including both employees and self-employed workers. How has the migration of EU citizens changed since the Brexit referendum? This was followed by Romania (427,000), the Republic of Ireland (360,000), Germany (289,000), and Italy (233,000). In contrast, the EU-14 migrant population has grown more gradually. Added 'July 2014 Monthly asylum application' tables and 'August 2014 Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers' table. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Key Points Net migration to the UK, the difference between immigration and emigration, was estimated to be 270,000 in 2019, down from a peak of 331,000 in the year ending March 2015. The number of EU-2-born residents – whose countries joined the EU in 2007 and gained free movement access to the UK in 2014 – increased from 235,000 in 2014 to 555,000 in 2019. This survey provides data on immigration, emigration and net migration of EU citizens based on a standard definition of a long-term migrant as a person who moves to a country for at least a year. Check how the new Brexit rules affect you. Updated 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2019' and 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2019: data tables' to second editions. Earlier this year, the government unveiled its Immigration Bill, which revealed what migrants must do to qualify for UK entry after 1 January 2021. Data, statistics and immigration . Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2014', 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2014: data tables', 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers' and 'Monthly asylum application tables'. These recent revisions affected estimates of immigration from EU-8 countries, and other EU immigration has not yet been revised and so may not be directly comparable. Moreover, data on non-UK citizens also include many UK-born children of migrants who have themselves never migrated. Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2016', 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2016: data tables' and 'A report on the statistics being collected under the exit checks programme', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. Oxford, OX2 6QS, EU settled status applicants exceed official tally, Methods used to revise the national population estimates for mid-2002 to mid-2010, Note on the difference between National Insurance number registrations and the estimate of long-term international migration: 2016, Understanding different migration data sources: August 2019 progress report, Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality, January 2019 to December 2019. For both EU and non-EU citizens, more people come to the UK than leave the UK, meaning both groups have contributed to the increase in net migration. This is similar to the number of EU-born migrants, despite some EU migrants to the UK having naturalised as UK citizens. This means that the estimated 3.7 million EU citizens and their family members currently living in the UK will have to secure pre-settled or settled status if they would like to continue to stay in the country. Among non-EU citizens, by contrast, the most commonly reported reason for moving to the UK in 2019 was study. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, May 2020'. The level of migration from the EU to the UK has been underestimated by the Office for National Statistics from the mid-2000s to 2016. For more information on work-related migration, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Work Visas and Migrant Workers in the UK. This series brings together documents relating to migration statistics. Updated 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. However, defining migrants as the foreign-born has the compensatory benefit of including people who have come to the UK and naturalised. EU net migration to UK at lowest level for 16 years after plummeting since Brexit vote. This Migration Observatory is kindly supported by the following organisations. Among the working-age EU population, 83% were in employment (Figure 7). Updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’, ’Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and ‘Developments in migration statistics since 2010’. European Union immigration statistics for 2000 was 29,602,637.00 , a 12.55% increase from 1995. Meanwhile the number of EU citizens emigrating has increased from an estimated 95,000 in the year before the referendum to 145,000 now. For more information about the EU Settlement Scheme, see the Migration Observatory report, Unsettled Status – 2020: Which EU Citizens are at Risk of Failing to Secure their Rights after Brexit? EU citizens also have low naturalisation rates compared to non-EU citizens. For further discussion of this terminology, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Who Counts as a Migrant: Definitions and their Consequences. There are various reasons for this, including differences in how data sources define migrants; known uncertainty in the estimates, which come with margins of error; and unknown sources of error, such as that arising from the fact that not everyone agrees to participate in official surveys. Added ‘Immigration statistics, October to December 2016’ and ‘Immigration statistics, October to December 2016: data tables’, updated ‘Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’. In contrast, non-EU net migration was the highest since 2004. More precisely, in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, E… A difference between two groups is considered statistically significant when the probability that this difference occurred by chance is small. National Insurance Number (NINo) allocation data from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) provide information on people newly entering the labour market. Statistics on migration and border control from Home Office administrative systems (the Office for National Statistics also publishes statistics on migration at United Kingdom Population). Thanks to Agnieszka Kubal and Will Somerville for helpful comments on an earlier version of this briefing; and to Mariña Fernandez-Reino for providing valuable feedback on this 2020 version. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, October 2019'. This number also includes 320,000 Irish citizens. Added ‘Migrant journey: sixth report’, ’Migrant journey: sixth report: data tables’ and updated ‘User Guide to the Home Office Migrant Journey’. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, December 2019'. The percentage of employed workers was slightly higher among workers born in EU-8 and EU-2 countries (84%) than among the EU-14-born (82%) (Figure 7). The Tier 2 category accounts for 59% of work-related visas granted. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562201410'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); The downward trend in EU immigration is a recent phenomenon. However, it is usually still the preferred definition when using data on the migrant population, and especially change in the population over time. Updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and 'Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: user guide'. To help us improve GOV.UK, we’d like to know more about your visit today. In total, an estimated … var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562226306'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='677px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); In 2019, an estimated 1,662,000 or 47% of the EU born were from EU-14 countries (Figure 4). Immigration from the EU had consistently increased from 2011 to 2015, in large part due to the arrival of Southern European and Romanian nationals. Peter William Walsh. There were 74,000 more EU citizens who came to the UK than people leaving for other EU countries. For more information about the labour market position of EU-born workers, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Migrants in the UK Labour Market: An Overview. Immigration to the UK … However, for several nationalities there have been more applicants to the EUSS than the upper limit of ONS’s population estimate (Figure 3). Data related to immigrants are disaggregated by age group; sex; citizenship; country of previous residence and level of human development of the country (of birth and previous usual residence). The Migration Observatory informs debates on international migration and public policy. The faster increase in the EU-14-born population after 2012 can be linked to immigration from Spain and Italy, where the unemployment rate was particularly high (see our 2016 commentary, Pulling power: Why are EU citizens migrating to the UK?). It cautions that this estimate may still change as it continues to investigate the figures. Until the end of the Second World War, most migration was within and out of Europe. The end of free movement rights after the UK leaves the EU means that citizens of other EU countries will no longer be entitled to access the UK labour market or to be self-employed, except where UK immigration rules allow. For further information email migration statistics. There were an estimated 3.7 million EU citizens living in the UK in 2019, though the accuracy of this estimate has been called into question by the number of applications to the EU settlement scheme. Added 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2014', 'Tables for ‘Immigration Statistics, January to March 2014’', 'Entry clearance visas by length' and 'Entry clearance visas by length: table'. News » Migrants » Per Capita Crime Statistics: Immigration and Crime in the UK. Immigration to Europe has a long history, but increased substantially in the later 20th century. This is because migrants who acquire UK citizenship are excluded from data on the non-UK citizen population, and rates of naturalisation vary significantly depending on migrants’ country of origin. Added 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline', 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. In part, this will be because the overall EUSS figures include (1) people who had left the UK but could still apply to the scheme to preserve their right to return, and (2) applicants who reapplied to update their status from pre-settled status to settled status, who are counted twice. There were also increas… If you would like to make a press enquiry, please contact: + 44 (0)7500 970081 robert.mcneil@compas.ox.ac.uk, T: +44 (0)1865 274 701 Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, March 2020'. The population of EU-8 born residents increased from an estimated 167,000 in 2004 to 1,686,000 in 2017, and declined in the following two years. Some people are excluded, such as residents of communal establishments like hostels, and other groups may be undercounted due to survey non-response. Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018', 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018: data tables', 'Third report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme' and 'Home Office statistics on exit checks: user guide', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and 'Developments in migration statistics since 2010'. EU-2 migrants stood out for their high percentage of self-employed (22%) compared to the other two EU groups. Added 'Immigration Statistics, January to March 2017' and 'Immigration Statistics, January to March 2017: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. Thereafter, EU citizens migrating to the UK will be subject to the same immigration rules as citizens from the rest of the world, and any person wishing to move to the UK for longer than six months will require a visa. The most recent set of figurespublished cover the year to September 2018. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, December 2019’. Added 'Migrant journey: fifth report', 'Migrant journey: fifth report: data tables' and 'Migrant journey: user guide'. How many EU migrants are there in the UK? This is down from its peak of 922,000 in 2017 (in the same year, the number of Polish citizens in the UK was estimated at over a million). Don’t include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. The most recent data that this briefing presents is for 2019, which does not therefore show the impact of Covid-19 upon EU migration to and from the UK. The Office for National Statistics admits it underestimated long-term EU immigration between 2009 and 2016 by almost a quarter of a million. A person who applies for a NINo may already have been living in the UK for some time. In 2019, 456,000 NINos were allocated to EU citizens, down 28% from 2015. Added ‘Migrant journey: 2018 report’, ’Migrant journey: 2018 report: data tables’, 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019' and 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019: data tables', and updated ‘Migrant journey user guide ’, 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and ’Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, February 2020', updated 'Home Office EU Settlement Scheme statistics: user guide'. Excluding the estimated 320,000 Irish citizens living in the UK in 2019, there were an estimated 3.4m non-Irish EU citizens. Its response rate has declined over time, and is now below 50% (ONS, 2016); this means that people who are more likely not to respond to the survey may be under-counted. E: migrationobservatory@compas.ox.ac.uk, T: +44 (0)7500 970 081 Don’t worry we won’t send you spam or share your email address with anyone. 6.2 million people were living in the UK who had the nationality of a different country (9% of the total population), 3.7 million EU nationals were living in the UK, and; 994,000 UK nationals were living in other EU countries excluding Ireland. Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending December 2019', 'Immigration statistics, year ending December 2019: data tables' and 'Grenfell immigration policy statistics', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide'. The following organisations make the website work as well as possible and improve government services revised! Developing new approaches to producing migration statistics migration since 1991 ( ONS ) are born abroad UK. 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