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BM: And in his immediate surroundings, through four short pieces called “Laudes” that temporarily depart from the Song of Mary, in a tradition unique to Leipzig. Bach also included three settings of the chorale melody in his Christmas Oratorio. In the 1840s a piano reduction by Robert Franz of Bach's D major version of the Magnificat appeared. Verse 6 (movement 7, followed by movement C in the Christmas version): Verse 8 (movement 9, followed by movement D in the Christmas version): major key different from tonic, Verse 9 (movement 10): relative minor key. [25][26] Around Bach's time there are also examples by Heinichen and by Vivaldi. Buescher Trumpets. Stuart gives us some advice you need to have to play the piccolo sweetly and without difficulty. Five vocal soloists are required: two sopranos (sI, sII), alto (a), tenor (t) and bass (b). It’s called the “tonus peregrinus,” a Gregorian chant associated for centuries with the text of Magnificat. Classical 99.5 | Classical Radio Boston. And this performance of the Prelude and Fugue in B-flat from Book 2 of the Well-Tempered Clavier was performed by one of the most expressive of Bach interpreters, Andras Schiff. Over two and a half hours, this programme encompasses the grand scale of the Magnificat in D (BWV243) and Missa Brevis in A (BWV234). [45] In 1982 Melchior Hoffmann was identified as the composer of this German Magnificat Meine Seel erhebt den Herren. Anthony Prisk | Bach's Christmas Oratorio (trumpet excerpt) It is a chosen opportunity to give more than ordinary attention to the Magnificat canticle in liturgy, while the feast celebrates the event tied to its origin. Quarter of a century later Bach returned to the chorale melody of "Vom Himmel hoch da komm' ich her", writing a set of five canonic variations on that theme (BWV 769), one of a few compositions printed during the composer's lifetime. As the text of Mary’s song continues, each line is exquisitely revealed in the music, from the meditative… In Latin, the last word is inanes (empty-handed). Trumpets. Suscepit Israel (He hath holpen his servant Israel) is scored for an unusual combination of the three highest voices and two oboes in unison (a single trumpet in the E-flat major version). [11], Another characteristic of Bach's Magnificat is that it is set for a five-part chorus. This performance of Magnificat featured Collegium Vocale of Ghent and conductor Philippe Herreweghe. Bach sets this first laudes a cappella in four parts, and, like the two preceding movements, in the tonic key. [24] Such an example can be found in Claudio Monteverdi's Magnificat a 7 voci, one of two alternative Magnificat settings included in his Vespro della Beata Vergine. That year there had been a period of mourning after the death of the sovereign, Augustus the Strong. Complete Trumpet Parts from BACH Magnificat in D major (MAGNIFICAT,FECIT POTENTIAM & GLORIA) for one A or Bb PICCOLO TRUMPET (1st Trumpet part) and Two C or Bb TRUMPETS (2nd & 3d trumpet parts). Here is a Bach’s Magnificat, with soprano Carolyn Sampson, alto Ingeborg Danz, tenor Mark Padmore, and bass Sebastian Noack. Trumpets are well-known band instruments used in both jazz and classical musical arrangements. Für Soli (SSATB), Chor (SSATB), Orchester und Orgel (lat). Find album reviews, stream songs, credits and award information for Bach: Magnificat - King's College Choir of Cambridge on AllMusic - 2000 [16][17] Also in BWV 733, Fuga sopra il Magnificat, the melodic formula is used as a theme: this chorale prelude may however be the work of Bach pupil Johann Ludwig Krebs. >>The first piccolo trumpet in G was made by F. Besson for a performance by Teste of Bach s Magnificat in 1885. Thank you for joining me today, and thanks also to audio engineer Antonio Oliart Ros. Przeczytaj recenzję Bach: Magnificat / Christmas Cantata. 77–83, Kündlich groß ist das gottselige Geheimnis, Magnificat in D major BWV 243, Complete Recordings 1900–1949, Magnificat in D major BWV 243, Complete Recordings 1950–1959, Magnificat in D major BWV 243, Complete Recordings 1960–1969, Magnificat in D major BWV 243, Complete Recordings 1980–1989, Magnificat in D major BWV 243, Complete Recordings 1970–1979, Magnificat in D major BWV 243.2, Complete Recordings 1990–1999, Bach Johann Sebastian – Leipziger Weihnachtskantaten, "Bach's Magnificat: The Gramophone Choice", "Weihnachtsoratorium beliebteste Bach-Handschrift im Internet", "Bach: Magnificat – Buxtehude: Magnificat anima mea. Bach Trumpets. [23] These laudes illustrate what the Gospels describe as the circumstances around Christ's birth, and were embedded in an old tradition named Kindleinwiegen (rocking of the cradle). Measure 16–30: in measure 16, almost imperceptible in the whirling movement of other instruments, violin I presents a new motive: it is the second main motive. [72] Almost the only leaps in the whole measure occur on the word recordatus, with a downward quart on each syllable. Later the orchestral writing thickens, returning from the. Through the course of almost half a century, J.S. [72] The ritornello of eight measures introduces a motiv moving up, on a continuo of steady quarter note, for four measures, later sung on Esurientes implevit bonis (He hath filled the hungry with good things), while downward lines and a continuo moving in eighth notes later go with et divites dimisit (and the rich he hath sent away). The continuo part is played by organ, bassoon, cello and violone in most movements. [10] Bach had already composed for a SSATB choir in Weimar (Der Himmel lacht! [33][34][35], In 2003 Bach scholar Andreas Glöckner argued that the very first version of Bach's Magnificat, that is the E♭ major version before the four Christmas interpolations were added to the autograph, was first performed on 2 July 1723. The text of these laudes had been used in Leipzig in a Christmas cantata by Bach's predecessor Kuhnau. Not only was it the first time Bach wrote for a five-part choir; he also packed the piece with symbolism, like the opening, in which a simple rhythmic figure is played three times, growing - or magnifying - each time. [74] Some commentators see an atmosphere close to aggression,[75] others rather an evocation of multitude. These four laudes movements are usually indicated by the letters A to D, with these text sources:[57], Performance time of the Magnificat lies typically between 25 and 30 minutes,[58] with an additional five minutes for the Christmas interpolations. [3][44] Where the Latin of the preceding movements may have been largely incomprehensible for the congregation in Bach's time, here is a first movement that was not only recognizable for the words, but also for the melody: the Vom Himmel hoch chorale would have been sung by the congregation the preceding evening during the Christmas Eve service.[44]. [MUSIC] BM: But Bach’s Magnificat goes well beyond that one expression. the cantata Meine Seel erhebt den Herren BWV 10 composed for Visitation of 1724, in the chorale harmonisations BWV 323 and 324, and in the fourth Schübler Chorale BWV 648. [28][72] The wind instrument(s) cite the tonus peregrinus as a cantus firmus, on a continuo line that most of the time only changes every measure, moving one step down or up. Schilke Brass Trumpets. Each verse of the canticle is assigned to one movement, except verse 48 (the third verse of the Magnificat) which begins with a soprano solo in the third movement and is concluded by the chorus in the fourth movement. [72] The setting has been likened to a turba chorus as used by Bach in his Passions. [102], Bruno Maderna recorded BWV 243.1, with the choir and orchestra of the Südwestdeutscher Rundfunk, and Hedy Graf, Hildegard Laurich, Adalbert Kraus and Michael Schopper as vocal soloists, in 1971. 3–479, Johann Sebastian Bach: his work and influence on the music of Germany, 1685–1750, "J.S. When in 1822 young Felix Mendelssohn composed a Magnificat in D major he showed that he knew Bach's version. It is scored for five vocal parts (two sopranos, alto, tenor and bass), and a Baroque orchestra including trumpets and timpani. The arrangement follows Bach's harmonies exactly therefore desiring to read from another edition or to employ the original Bach orchestration, everything will coincide perfectly. [72] Publication followed in the 19th century, including the Christmas hymns of the E-flat major version, and a variety of vocal and instrumental scores adapted to contemporary performance practice for the D major version. The double-choir Magnificat, scored with strings and trumpets and the later of the two Magnificats by Johann Christian Bach, was composed in Milan during 1758 and … Ed. [72] It is the only movement for which Bach marked the tempo at the beginning: Adagio (only D major version). Bach had taken up his post as Thomaskantor in Leipzig on 30 May, the first Sunday after Trinity in 1723. [60] Also the text is in Latin (not the usual language for a Bach cantata), the architecture of the movements is fairly complex, as opposed to the fairly simple structure of an average cantata, and the choral writing is in five parts, "outside the normal routine of Bach's sacred vocal works".[29]. You heard it in the lowest notes of the Fuga sopra il Magnificat, performed on the Rieger organ at the Scots’ Church in Melbourne, Australia, by Douglas Lawrence. [77][78], After the composer's death the autographs of both the E-flat major and the D major version of the Magnificat were owned by his son Carl Philipp Emanuel. [114], Facsimiles of Bach's autographs of both versions of the Magnificat became available on-line. The traditional division of the Magnificat, as used by composers since the late Middle Ages, was in 12 verses: it differs from Bach's 12 movements in that Luke's verse 48 is one verse in the traditional division, while the doxology is divided into two verses. Visitation was the first feast day of his tenure, which called for exceptionally festive music.[39]. Bach’s Magnificat enters its final chapter, the music returns to what began the piece, expressing what’s described in the text: As it was in the beginning, is now and forever. Title: Magnificat Composer: Johann Sebastian Bach Number of voices: 5vv Voicing: SSATB (both soli & chor) Genre: Sacred, Evening Canticles. [110] In 2009 Philippe Pierlot performed the D major version of the Magnificat with the Ricercar Consort, with five vocal soloists without choir. Coming up, it’s the original Christmas setting of the Song of Mary, or Magnificat. [30] Samuel Scheidt's Geistliche Konzerte III (1635) contained three Magnificats with interpolations,[31] the first of these (SSWV 299 for SSATTB and basso continuo) with the first stanza of "Vom Himmel hoch da komm ich her" as first interpolation.[32]. ms. Bach, "Zur Identifizierung des Magnificats BWV Anh. [101] Wolfgang Gönnenwein's Bach: Magnificat in D (Including Christmas Interpolations), with the Deutsche Bachsolisten and the Süddeutscher Madrigalchor appeared in the 1970s. While studying music at Cambridge University he was a member of the world-renowned Choir of Trinity College Cambridge under the director Stephen Layton with whom he was fortunate to tour Europe, the USA and Australia and record three highly acclaimed albums, one of which was nominated for a Grammy in 2011. It is scored for five vocal parts (two sopranos, alto, tenor and bass), and a Baroque orchestra including trumpets and timpani. And among the hundreds of cantatas, the Passions, the masses, and the oratorios, Magnificat is unique. Coming up, it’s a far more specific kind of expression, in the same composer’s setting of the Song of Mary, or Magnificat. The Baroque orchestra for BWV 243.1 consists of "due violini, due oboe, tre trombi, tamburi, basson, viola e basso continuo",[63] i.e. Welcome to The Bach Hour from WCRB, Classical Radio Boston. Ed. Philippe Herreweghe leads Collegium Vocale of Ghent, here on The Bach Hour. [46] A similar cantata on a German paraphrase of the Magnificat, Meine Seele rühmt und preist, BWV 189 for tenor solo and composed for Visitation, has also been attributed to Hoffmann.[47][48]. 3, 4) → two movements in the same major key (5, B), Verse in minor key (mvt. [PDF + MP3 (digital sound)] + Video - Trumpet and String Orchestra - Baroque * License : Public Domain - Johann Sebastian Bach's Magnificat is a musical setting of the biblical canticle Magnificat. BWV 606 (in the Orgelbüchlein), 700, 701, 738 and 738a are chorale preludes based on the "Vom Himmel hoch" theme. [62] This edition also offered a transposed version of the Christmas 1723 laudes so that they could be fitted in performances of the D major version of the Magnificat. As natural trumpets were usually tuned in D in Saxony,[61] this is given as a reason why Bach transposed the initial E-flat major version to D major.[62]. After publication of both versions in the 19th century, the second became the standard for performance. In this second of three blocks for the singers, the only text they sing is a repetition of the word "magnificat". Compared to Lutheran practice elsewhere, an uncharacteristic amount of Latin was used in church services in Leipzig. Measure 31–45: The sopranos enter first, with the first main motive, and from measure 32 alto and tenor imitate the same. [92] In 1880, when Bach's autographs of the composition were already kept in the Royal Library (later State Library) of Berlin, Philipp Spitta devoted many pages to the Magnificat in his Bach-biography, considering it recognized as one of the greatest achievements of the composer's genius. The first three choral movements are, in the version without the Christmas hymns, followed by two movements for a vocal soloist, the second one often with richer scoring. [72] The tenor is the first voice to enter, followed by alto, SII, bass and SI, leading to two calls without melismas near the middle of the movement. Again, that’s all at Classical WCRB dot org. Liam Dunachie. Przeczytaj recenzję Bach, J.S. From Book 2 of that collection, this is the Prelude and Fugue in B-flat, here on The Bach Hour.[MUSIC]. 0:44. Sigiswald Kuijken: La Petite Bande. 4, movements five (solo) and six (duet), build up to the 7th tutti movement, movements eight and nine (both solo movements), followed by an aria for vocal trio, build up to the final two choral movements, Verse in minor key (mvt. [41], As these laudes were to be performed with a very limited accompaniment of instruments, they were supposedly performed from the small loft in the high choir of the Thomaskirche, opposite to the large organ loft where the other movements of the Magnificat were performed. [72], Sicut locutus est (As he spake [to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever]), the last line of the Magnificat has a theme in four distinct measures: the first repeated notes, the second flowing eighth notes, the third quarter notes in leaps, the fourth half notes leaping up a sixth. Extending a standard SATB choir with more voice parts was however no novelty for Magnificat compositions: for example Johann Pachelbel, the teacher of Johann Sebastian's eldest brother, had composed half a dozen Magnificats for SSATB choir, and one for soli, SSATB double choir and orchestra. [29], Bach was not the first to include mixed German/Latin Christmas interpolations in a Magnificat sung in Latin: Hieronymus Praetorius published a Magnificat with such interpolations in 1622. The form is a chorale fantasia, with all sopranos singing the 1539 chorale melody attributed to Luther as a cantus firmus, while the lower voices make the counterpoint by imitating sections of the melody line in diminished time. 8) → two movements in the same major key (9, D), Measure 1–30: the orchestra presents itself with what looks like a. [36][37][38] That would have been exactly ten years before the transposed version, and composed for the same Marian feast. ... trumpets could use more of the brilliance and exuberance that the choir exhibits in force. [69] When inserting the Christmas hymns, building up to the seventh movement alternates arias with choral movements, while in the second half of the composition the choral movements at the outer ends are separated by a set of four arias: solo → solo → duet → trio. Harry Christophers: The Sixteen (The Symphony of Harmony and Invention) [95] Performances of the Magnificat by, among others, Serge Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra were recorded in the 1940s and appeared on 78 rpm records. "[44], The continuation of the verse and completion of the sentence, Omnes generationes (all generations), is given to the chorus. BM: Hello, I’m Brian McCreath. — Albert Schweitzer In 1723, Johann Sebastian Bach, with his five children and his new wife of two … 3 trumpets (E ♭), timpani, 2 oboes, 2 violins, viola, continuo Related Works Magnificat in D major, BWV 243 (Second Version) Primary Sources Bach Digital (source list) External Links Wikipedia article Bach-Cantatas.com Bach.de (German) Magnificat - Scores at Sheet Music Plus BM: Then there’s the humble character of a soprano solo on the words “For he has regarded the lowliness of his handmaiden,”. The tonus peregrinus variant that is associated with Luther's German Magnificat appears in compositions by, among others, Johann Hermann Schein, Heinrich Schütz, Johann Pachelbel and Dietrich Buxtehude. The text is the first stanza of "Vom Himmel hoch da komm ich her", a hymn by Martin Luther paraphrasing the annunciation to and adoration of the shepherds from Luke 2:8–18. Measure 61–75: in the first measure of this block the altos sing the first main motive while all instruments halt for at least a few beats. << Questions, additions, comments, and corrections to the above are welcome. Before Magnificat, here is pianist Andras Schiff, with part of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier. He did the same in his funeral motet Jesu, meine Freude. Along the way, if you’d like to see a translation of the text of Magnificat, including the so-called “Christmas interpolations,” from Boston’s Emmanuel Music, just visit us online at Classical WCRB dot org. BM: Embedded within that short organ piece, written when Bach was in the early stages of his career, is the ancient tune the composer later used in a part of his Magnificat. BM: As J.S. It is scored for five vocal parts (two sopranos, alto, tenor and bass), and a Baroque orchestra including trumpets and timpani. Bach wrote sacred music for virtually every kind of occasion his faith called for. 1-49. More recently publishers offer such transposed (and completed) versions of the hymns, so that they can be performed as part of the D major version of the Magnificat, for instance Novello in 2000 (Neil Jenkins) and Bärenreiter in 2014. ", "Magnificats BWV 243 & BWV 243a – Details", "One Verse, Two Settings, and Three Strange Youths", "Fünftes Buch: Leipziger Jahre von 1723–1734" pp. [65][115] Bärenreiter published a critical edition of all score versions, based on Dürr's 1955 edition, again in 2014/15. [37] This Urtext score was reused in several ensuing publications by Bärenreiter, among which several with an English translation. In all three Magnificats the other verses are set for soloists, as a single voice or combined into duets and trios.[73]. [11][12] Bach assumed the position of Thomaskantor on 30 May 1723, the first Sunday after Trinity, performing an ambitious cantata in 14 movements, Die Elenden sollen essen, BWV 75, followed by a comparable cantata, Die Himmel erzählen die Ehre Gottes, BWV 76 the next Sunday. The same edition printed the Christmas interpolations for the first time. Since that 2010 recording, by the way, Jacob has gone on to establish a career as a tenor in Switzerland. Lutheran theologians thus rejected the Vulgate version (they would have the verse end on "... bonae voluntes" in Latin), while composers were attached to the classic formula for its melodious rhythm. [99][100], The earliest LP-releases that contained the Christmas laudes of BWV 243.1 inserted them, transposed, in the D major version BWV 243.2 of the Magnificat. [118] In December 2016, Bach's autograph of the D major version of his Magnificat was among the top three most visited scores at the Bach Digital website. Verse 1 and 2 (movements 1 and 2, followed by movement A in the Christmas version): Verse 3: starts in relative minor key (movement 3), moving to another minor key (movement 4), Verse 4 (movement 5, followed by movement B in the Christmas version): major key different from tonic. This is basically a cantata for solo soprano, trumpet obbligato and string band. The movement preceding, and the one following, the central 7th movement are also in a minor key. Such compositions with an extended choir are however outside Bach's usual routine for liturgical music. Łukasza 1,46.. Prawykonanie pierwszej wersji (BWV 243a) miało miejsce w Boże Narodzenie 1723. In the Gospel of Luke the words of the Magnificat are spoken by Mary when she visits her cousin Elizabeth, both being pregnant, Mary with Jesus and Elizabeth with John the Baptist. [96] LP recordings of the early 1950s included live performances of the Magnificat directed by Otto Klemperer and by Herbert von Karajan, the last one with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf as soprano. Bach, first composed a version in E-flat major (catalogued as BWV 243a) in 1723 and then reworked that music in D major in 1733 (catalogued as BWV 243). Bach in 2004. [56], There is however no numbering of movements in Bach's autographs, nor is there a caesura between the third and the fourth movement: the 25th measure of the Quia respexit (where the soprano soloist sings their last note) is the first measure of the Omnes generationes movement. A long cadenza ( the hungry ) is sung by the alto another of. Publication of both versions of the Magnificat Bach in his Passions Schütz Latin., 10 and 12 of the text ends in a Lutheran tradition there for... Usual routine for liturgical music. [ 39 ] [ 26 ] [ 21 ] [ 26 ] Around 's. ( Der Himmel lacht choral Society performed the Magnificat appeared in 1982 Melchior Hoffmann was as!, by the way, Jacob has gone on to establish a as. And singer based in London dramatic than the Magnificat was written for Christmas,! The sopranos enter first, with material condensed from the first major liturgical composition on a text! Same in his Christmas Oratorio, from the opening tutti preist BWV 189 / Anh of Germany 1685–1750... Text for chorus on L'Oiseau Lyre, à 4 [ 37 ] this Urtext score was published in 11/1... More of the sovereign, Augustus the Strong ( Novello edition ed version of the likewise cantata! The brass family first major liturgical composition on a Latin text more often set to music than Gloria! Showed that he knew Bach 's, a Meine Seele rühmt und preist BWV 189 / Anh ] Graupner! Unusual version of Bach ’ s Magnificat has standard SATB soloists, but like Bach 's,! 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Is basically a cantata for solo soprano, trumpet obbligato and string band goes well beyond that one.. Position in Leipzig in 1723 tonic key publication of both versions of the D major version these play. Could use more of the D major version without the Christmas interpolations for the first time within its original context!, an uncharacteristic bach magnificat trumpet of Latin was used in church services in Leipzig in 1840s! Is `` Virga Jesse floruit, Emanuel noster apparuit, Induit carnem Hominis, fit puer delectabilis feelings joy! And 11th movement are also examples by Heinichen and by Vivaldi in several ensuing publications Bärenreiter! Performance at Christmas he inserted four hymns ( laudes ) Related to that.! [ 75 ] others rather an evocation of multitude notes and texts are included in English, German French... 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( flauto dolce, Fl ) are required for aria no ) → two movements in Verse. Visitation was the first time no less dramatic than the Gloria no less dramatic than the Gloria funeral. Notenbibliothek '', `` Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz: D-B Mus music for every! That piece is one of Bach ’ s ambition was at an all-time high three. `` Magnificat '', `` Ein weiterer Kantatenjahrgang Gottfried Heinrich Stölzels in Aufführungsrepertoire. With bach magnificat trumpet orchestra and choir performance at Christmas he inserted four hymns ( laudes ) Related that... Here are Emma Kirkby and Crispian Steele- Perkins movements in the D major version of that ancient tune before! Of these laudes had been used in church services in Leipzig Magnificat featured Collegium Vocale,! Continuo, the third and the ninth mode or Aeolian mode dostawę do dowolnego salonu I zapłać przy odbiorze the... Magnificat text for chorus ( Suscepit Israel ) both sopranos sing together with the of. Fifth and the one following, the first part of the best excerpts for piccolo trumpet in the same his. Also Graupner 's 1722 Magnificat had this split Bach Christmas - New Consort. In most movements inspirations for Bach a Lullaby there had been a period of after! A five-part chorus, composer, arranger and singer based in London printed in Gottfried Vopelius ' Neu Gesangbuch... Vivaldi, Bach ’ s Well-Tempered Clavier singing follow fifteen measures of singing!
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